OBJECTIVES

Describe the 3 types of lipids found in cells. Consider composition, characteristics, and biological functions of each. 106-108

Explain the characteristics of a phospholipid bilayer. Use a diagram to show the amphipathic nature of the phospholipid and the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acid tails. 109-111

Diagram a liposome and a planar bilayer. Why are they important? 110

How do saturated vs. unsaturated carbon chains affect permeability of cell membranes? 111

Identify and explain processes of molecular movement (diffusion and osmosis) across lipid bilayers. 113-115

Know the vocabulary associated with diffusion and osmosis: solute, solvent, solution, concentration gradient, hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic. 113-115

Explain and diagram the Fluid-Mosaic Model. 116

Identify and explain how protein channels, transporters, and pumps affect ions and molecules entering and leaving the cell. 118-123

Define and provide an example of facilitated diffusion. 118-121

Define and provide an example of active transport.  122-123

List the major characteristics and components of prokaryotic cells. 129-130

Sketch and label a generalized prokaryotic cell recognizing variation in size and shape of bacterial and archael cells. Include plasma membrane, nucleoid region, chromosomes, ribosomes, cell wall; some have flagella and photosynthetic membranes. Provide several examples of prokaryotic cells.129-131

List the major characteristics and components of eukaryotic cells. Provide several examples of eukaryotic cells. 131-133

Sketch and label a generalized animal cell. Include: nucleus and its components, centrioles, RER, SER, ribosomes, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, vesicles, lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoskeletal elements, plasma membrane. 132

Describe the function and location of the structures in the generalized animal cell. 133-139

Sketch and label a generalized plant cell. Include: nucleus and its components, RER, SER, ribosomes, peroxisome, golgi apparatus, vesicles, vacuole, lysosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, cytoskeletal elements, plasma membrane, and cell wall. 132

Describe the three ways materials are delivered to lysosomes in animal cells. Consider: phagocytosis, autophagy, and receptor-mediated endocytosis. 136

Describe the function and location of the structures in the generalized plant cell. 133-139

Explain how molecules are transported into and out of the nucleus. 142-144

How does the endomembrane system function? Explain how proteins are formed and shipped inside the cell. (nucleus→ ER→ Golgi → out) 145-148

What are the major components and their functions of the cell’s cytoskeleton? 149-154

Explain the role and diagram the construction of cilia and flagella. 154

Diagram and label the plasma membrane. Review the functions of all the components. 160

Cell-cell interaction discussion board. Select a topic in chapter 8 and post a short, easy to grasp explanation. Topics to choose from include:

Primary and secondary cell wall, pectins, lignin, collagen, integrins and fibronectins, multicellularity (tissues and organs), tight junctions, desmosomes, selective adhesion, cadherins, plasmodesmata, gap junctions, signal reception, signal processing, signal response, signal deactivation. Read all the short

explanations for an overview of chapter 8. 159-176